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Question of the existence | |
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 | To be it with nature |  | To bring back reality to nature remains
one of the oldest reflexes of humanity.
|  | A concept which does not go from oneself
One can consider that the metaphysics *, which endeavoured to go up jusq' with the base of reality, is not worth the sorrow that one devotes time to it, since, apparently,
the philosophers of which ceased contradicting itself about it.
One can also consider, like the contemporary philosophers Jacques Derrida (born in 1930) and Paul Ricoeur (born in 1913), that this diversity from point of view on metaphysics is not the sign of a poverty but of a richness; it offers a range impassioning of tracks to us, in order to go to the meeting of an inexhaustible reality.
From where the interest to turn to all the concepts created by metaphysics, to start with that of nature *. Such a concept does not go from oneself. Initially, nature is not only one idyllic reality. It is also a chaos full with brutality and, for this reason, synonymous with non-being. As it true of saying is as human reality is more in the culture in nature.
Then, the "natural" word is ambiguous.
Because, very often, far from returning to a reality, it indicates the standards of a social or individual conformism.
Lastly, the ethics of the nature preached by the followers of famous "the return to nature" leaves perplexed. In addition to it conveys the myth of a golden age (before civilization) of which it would be the model, it was always the mask of a hatred of civilization to the consequences sometimes dévastatrices, with the image of the Nazism which dedicated a worship with nature.
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"One can with impunity
to cut the throat of its similar
under the window
of a philosopher,
he has to only argue
a little to prevent
the Nature which
revolts in him,
to identify it
with that which one
assassinate...
The man
savage does not have
this admirable talent.
In the riots...
the rabble is assembled,
the careful man
move away...
They are the women
Markets which separate
combatants
and which prevents
decent people
between cutting the throat of "
Rousseau,
Speech on the origin
inequalities.
| Nature gives us
lessons on being it
through
the Whole which it forms
as well as the bodies
sensitive
that it comprises. |
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| | A concept necessary Can one nevertheless leave it there? It would be an error. Because nature has another face. Initially, it is the physical and biological Whole which wraps the man and who is used to him as medium.
For this reason, it was always used by the thinkers in order to bring back the men to the reason, when those were tempted to yield to an invading individualism.
Thus, Zénon de Kition (v. 335-v. 264 front. J.-C.), the founder of stoicism, taught how "to live according to nature", so that the men are not accustomed to ask the impossible one while revolting against what does not conform to their phantasms.
Modernity saw an arrogant individualism plundering nature and ransacking it to appease its desire of control and profit.
Modernity misses men like Zénon, to recall that the world of the man, it is the man but also the world which is used to him as framework.
| | A political concept
Lhas natural is not only the medium external of the man.
It is also its medium in the form of its body and its sensitivity.
For this reason, it was used by philosophy like critical authority with regard to the policy, and this in a double way.
Firstly, to XVIle century,Spinoza (1632-1677) devotes all Book I of its Ethics to show that the gasoline of God resides in the existence. It wants to underline, vis-a-vis with sad morals preaching the hatred of oneself, death and the suffering, that God wants nature and thus the body and the life.
Secondly, in XVIlle century,Rousseau (1712-1778)
forge the concept of nature, in order to give the means of thinking the origin of violence in the company.
Marx (1818-1883), inthe Manuscripts of 44, confirms that when the man da more reference mark in the company, it remains to him his sensitive body to be attached to the life and the direction.
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