 | Anthropology | Science of the man. For a part of philosophy since XVIe century, the man became to be it, i.e. reality par excellence.
From where the role given to philosophy to be a social science. |
| Baroque | | artistic and cultural current of XVIle century which was illustrated by its will to overcome the limits between the infinite one and finished, between God and the man. From where this explosion of appearances to represent God. |
| Concept | | general idea which makes it possible to seize the private individual and to classify it while thus passing from various to the unit. |
| Dialectical | | comes from dialogue. It is the fact of managing an agreement through the discussion. At Hegel, form of logic in general. Movement which arrives at the identity of the truth by contradiction. |
| Dogmatism | | comes from dogma which is the whole of the proposals of the faith. By extension, pejorative term which translates the fact of affirming something in a peremptory way, without demonstration. |
| Empiricism | | comes from the Greek empereïa who means "experiment"; this one consists in confronting a logical idea with the significant reality of the facts. |
| Understanding | | ability to be able to include/understand the things based on the logical capacity of the individuals. |
| | Epicureanism | doctrines of Epicure, philosophize Greek
(341-270 front. J.-C.). It teaches that the man should not give up himself with easy pleasures, but that happiness is the reward of wisdom, of the culture of the spirit and the practice of the virtue. The goal being to reach a reasonable use of the pleasures. |
| Epistemology | | science of science, i.e. examination criticizes scientific knowledge. For a whole part of modern philosophy, to be being it to know it and truth, epistemology became the center of philosophy. |
| Gasoline | | invariable definition of a thing. Philosophies of the gasoline are philosophies which are interested in priority in knowledge and truth. |
| To be | | term which means reality and by extension reality of all realities. The being means also the presence, the authenticity compared to appearing and to have it. |
| Existence | | to exist, the fact of leaving oneself to appear in the concrete life. By extension, freedom. |
| Hedonism | | doctrines which have as a center the worship of happiness, pleasure at all costs. |
| Idealism | philosophical system which rests on the fundamental assertion of the role of the idea.
There are various idealisms:
idealism of Plato whom one called a realism of the Ideas, the subjective idealism of Kant, and the absolute idealism of Hegel. |
| | Idea | | term which indicates the shape of the things. |
| judgement | | to judge is to compare the things in order to prove identities and differences. It is then to compare the speeches between them to see whether they are contradictory. It is also to compare the speeches and the facts. In the last analysis, it is to be critical, i.e. ready to submit reports/ratios. |
| Lights | | philosophical movement of the XVIII' century, characterized by the belief in human progress, the faith in the reason, the distrust with regard to the religion and of the tradition.The Encyclopaedia of Diderot and Alembert is the work of the philosophy of the Lights. |
| Materialism | | theory criticizes idealism. For the materialism, the ideas are a product of social reality and not an autonomous reality. |
| Metaphysics | | what is beyond nature. Science which studies the bases of reality. |
| Mystic | | comes from mystery. For the mystic, God is a mystery which one cannot know i.e. to include. From where approach of this one by other ways, such as for example contemplation. |
| Nature | | indicate the physical environment, biological, significant and material in which the man lives. Indicate as major reality and close friend of the man, as it is sensitive or not. Indicate finally the gasoline of something. |
| | Nominalists | | theorists of the Middle Ages for which the general information do not have other reality only in the man and the language. They criticize the general character of the gasolines. |
| Ontology | | science which studies to be as being it and which consequently claims to be able to include/understand this one. |
| Skepticism | | comes from the Greekskeptô who wants to say "to seek". By extension, term which means "to doubt" and, in a pejorative way, to doubt all within the meaning of being wary of all. |
| Scholastic | comes from a meaning word
"school", term which indicated the School
of Aristote and that of saint Thomas d' Aquin with the Middle Ages. By extension, pejorative term which indicates a way abstract and complicated to make philosophy. |
| Sophism | the sophistical one, or school of the sophists, taught, in
Greek Antiquity, the art of the discussion. It indicates the art of the specious reasoning today. |
| Stoicism | | it is one of greatest ancient morals beside the epicureanism, founded on the self-control and obedience with the need. |
| Transcendence | | field of what is beyond the man. By extension, the fact of all that is exceeded and gone beyond oneself. |
| Transcendantal | | indicate the conditions of possibilitya priori of human knowledge. The transcendantal, which indicatesa priori in the man, is not the transcendence which indicates it beyond the man. |
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